家有寵物貓
這幾種病要當心
一、貓癬
「貓癬」不是只有貓才會傳染。大家說的「貓癬」其實在醫學上叫「體癬」,是皮膚癬菌導致的皮膚真菌感染,不只是貓,狗、兔子、刺蝟等寵物的身上也可能會有。當這些動物的皮膚或毛髮被真菌感染後,可能出現局部脫毛,或出現破潰、結痂、鱗屑等症狀,而同時可能會將真菌孢子散播到環境中,人待在這個環境中,或者與這些被感染的動物接觸後,就有可能會被傳染。
當人感染皮膚癬菌後,癬在全身的皮膚上都能出現,但有一種情況需要特別注意,那就是長在頭皮上的頭癬,頭癬包括4種類型,即黑(黑點癬)、白(白癬)、黃(黃癬)、膿(膿癬)。比起體癬,膿癬就要嚴重得多了,會引起嚴重的頭皮炎症,在短時間內破壞毛囊,讓這一塊皮膚潰爛,頭髮脫落。就算治好了,長過癬的位置,以後多半再也長不出頭髮了。
由於皮膚癬菌是各類癬的致病菌,因此總的來說應行抗真菌治療,每個人的情況可能都不同,應去醫院做檢查後按醫囑用藥。
二、貓抓病
「貓抓病」在醫學上叫「巴爾通體病」,是感染一種叫巴爾通體的病原後引起的人畜共患疾病。感染這種病主要與被帶有巴爾通體的貓抓傷、咬傷,或是接觸它們的口水、被它們身上的跳蚤咬了等有關係。雖然叫「貓抓病」,但也有狗帶有巴爾通體病原,也可能傳染給人,而人與人之間不會傳染。
除了抓傷、咬傷引起的皮膚損壞,以及出現紅斑、丘疹之外,「貓抓病」最明顯的表現就是發熱伴淋巴結腫大,如腋下淋巴結腫大,按著還會痛,同時還可能有肌肉酸痛、疲乏等症狀。有極少數人會出現嚴重表現,影響肝臟、脾臟,甚至神經系統,最嚴重的甚至有生命危險,但不用慌,發生危及生命的概率很低。
由於貓抓病具有一定的潛伏期,普遍為3~10天,少數可以達到幾個月甚至是1~2年,所以很容易被漏診、誤診。如果近期出現了不明原因的發熱和淋巴結腫大,那麼去就診的時候要回想一下,是不是自己最近被貓或狗咬傷、抓傷過,如果有就一定要記得給醫生說。「貓抓病」是一種自限性疾病,多數人都可以靠自身免疫力戰勝它,但保險起見,還是建議儘早去醫院就診,得到正確的治療可以縮短病程,降低併發症的發生風險。
三、蟎蟲和跳蚤引發的問題
大家對蟎蟲都很熟悉,知道床上久用的被褥、枕頭和久坐的沙發都是蟎蟲集中的地方。但很多人都不太清楚,蟎蟲還會寄生在貓、狗等寵物身上。被蟎蟲咬了可能會出現蟎蟲皮炎,多為水腫性風團樣丘疹、丘皰疹或瘀斑,每個包上還有小水皰。
很多貓、狗身上還有跳蚤,它的跳躍能力非常強,可從一個宿主跳到另一個宿主身上,跳蚤在人身上停留幾分鐘或者數小時,在吸血處會形成紅色斑丘疹,中央有出血點,被跳蚤咬了,疹子一般都是成群分布,主要在腿上和腰部比較常見。
此時,家裡一定要做好清潔衛生,殺滅蟎蟲和跳蚤,給貓、狗做好驅蟲,並遵醫囑塗抹藥膏。
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